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MIT License
Copyright (c) 2021 Martin Heidegger
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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# @leichtgewicht/ip-codec
Small package to encode or decode IP addresses from buffers to strings.
Supports IPV4 and IPV6.
## Usage
The basics are straigthforward
```js
const { encode, decode, sizeOf, familyOf } = require('@leichtgewicht/ip-codec')
const uint8Array = encode("127.0.0.1")
const str = decode(uint8Array)
try {
switch sizeOf(str) {
case 4: // IPv4
case 16: // IPv6
}
switch familyOf(str) {
case: 1: // IPv4
case: 2: // IPv6
}
} catch (err) {
// Invalid IP
}
```
By default the library will work with Uint8Array's but you can bring your own buffer:
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(4)
encode('127.0.0.1', buf)
```
It is also possible to de-encode at a location inside a given buffer
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(10)
encode('127.0.0.1', buf, 4)
```
Allocation of a buffer may be difficult if you don't know what type the buffer:
you can pass in a generator to allocate it for you:
```js
encode('127.0.0.1', Buffer.alloc)
```
You can also de/encode ipv4 or ipv6 specifically:
```js
const { v4, v6 } = require('@leichtgewicht/ip-codec')
v4.decode(v4.encode('127.0.0.1'))
v6.decode(v6.encode('::'))
```
## History
The code in this package was originally extracted from [node-ip](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) and since improved.
Notable changes are the removal of the `Buffer` dependency and better support for detection of
formats and allocation of buffers.
## License
[MIT](./LICENSE)

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const v4Regex = /^(\d{1,3}\.){3,3}\d{1,3}$/
const v4Size = 4
const v6Regex = /^(::)?(((\d{1,3}\.){3}(\d{1,3}){1})?([0-9a-f]){0,4}:{0,2}){1,8}(::)?$/i
const v6Size = 16
const v4 = {
name: 'v4',
size: v4Size,
isFormat: ip => v4Regex.test(ip),
encode (ip, buff, offset) {
offset = ~~offset
buff = buff || new Uint8Array(offset + v4Size)
const max = ip.length
let n = 0
for (let i = 0; i < max;) {
const c = ip.charCodeAt(i++)
if (c === 46) { // "."
buff[offset++] = n
n = 0
} else {
n = n * 10 + (c - 48)
}
}
buff[offset] = n
return buff
},
decode (buff, offset) {
offset = ~~offset
return `${buff[offset++]}.${buff[offset++]}.${buff[offset++]}.${buff[offset]}`
}
}
const v6 = {
name: 'v6',
size: v6Size,
isFormat: ip => ip.length > 0 && v6Regex.test(ip),
encode (ip, buff, offset) {
offset = ~~offset
let end = offset + v6Size
let fill = -1
let hexN = 0
let decN = 0
let prevColon = true
let useDec = false
buff = buff || new Uint8Array(offset + v6Size)
// Note: This algorithm needs to check if the offset
// could exceed the buffer boundaries as it supports
// non-standard compliant encodings that may go beyond
// the boundary limits. if (offset < end) checks should
// not be necessary...
for (let i = 0; i < ip.length; i++) {
let c = ip.charCodeAt(i)
if (c === 58) { // :
if (prevColon) {
if (fill !== -1) {
// Not Standard! (standard doesn't allow multiple ::)
// We need to treat
if (offset < end) buff[offset] = 0
if (offset < end - 1) buff[offset + 1] = 0
offset += 2
} else if (offset < end) {
// :: in the middle
fill = offset
}
} else {
// : ends the previous number
if (useDec === true) {
// Non-standard! (ipv4 should be at end only)
// A ipv4 address should not be found anywhere else but at
// the end. This codec also support putting characters
// after the ipv4 address..
if (offset < end) buff[offset] = decN
offset++
} else {
if (offset < end) buff[offset] = hexN >> 8
if (offset < end - 1) buff[offset + 1] = hexN & 0xff
offset += 2
}
hexN = 0
decN = 0
}
prevColon = true
useDec = false
} else if (c === 46) { // . indicates IPV4 notation
if (offset < end) buff[offset] = decN
offset++
decN = 0
hexN = 0
prevColon = false
useDec = true
} else {
prevColon = false
if (c >= 97) {
c -= 87 // a-f ... 97~102 -87 => 10~15
} else if (c >= 65) {
c -= 55 // A-F ... 65~70 -55 => 10~15
} else {
c -= 48 // 0-9 ... starting from charCode 48
decN = decN * 10 + c
}
// We don't know yet if its a dec or hex number
hexN = (hexN << 4) + c
}
}
if (prevColon === false) {
// Commiting last number
if (useDec === true) {
if (offset < end) buff[offset] = decN
offset++
} else {
if (offset < end) buff[offset] = hexN >> 8
if (offset < end - 1) buff[offset + 1] = hexN & 0xff
offset += 2
}
} else if (fill === 0) {
// Not Standard! (standard doesn't allow multiple ::)
// This means that a : was found at the start AND end which means the
// end needs to be treated as 0 entry...
if (offset < end) buff[offset] = 0
if (offset < end - 1) buff[offset + 1] = 0
offset += 2
} else if (fill !== -1) {
// Non-standard! (standard doens't allow multiple ::)
// Here we find that there has been a :: somewhere in the middle
// and the end. To treat the end with priority we need to move all
// written data two bytes to the right.
offset += 2
for (let i = Math.min(offset - 1, end - 1); i >= fill + 2; i--) {
buff[i] = buff[i - 2]
}
buff[fill] = 0
buff[fill + 1] = 0
fill = offset
}
if (fill !== offset && fill !== -1) {
// Move the written numbers to the end while filling the everything
// "fill" to the bytes with zeros.
if (offset > end - 2) {
// Non Standard support, when the cursor exceeds bounds.
offset = end - 2
}
while (end > fill) {
buff[--end] = offset < end && offset > fill ? buff[--offset] : 0
}
} else {
// Fill the rest with zeros
while (offset < end) {
buff[offset++] = 0
}
}
return buff
},
decode (buff, offset) {
offset = ~~offset
let result = ''
for (let i = 0; i < v6Size; i += 2) {
if (i !== 0) {
result += ':'
}
result += (buff[offset + i] << 8 | buff[offset + i + 1]).toString(16)
}
return result
.replace(/(^|:)0(:0)*:0(:|$)/, '$1::$3')
.replace(/:{3,4}/, '::')
}
}
function sizeOf (ip) {
if (v4.isFormat(ip)) return v4.size
if (v6.isFormat(ip)) return v6.size
throw Error(`Invalid ip address: ${ip}`)
}
module.exports = Object.freeze({
name: 'ip',
sizeOf,
familyOf: string => sizeOf(string) === v4.size ? 1 : 2,
v4,
v6,
encode (ip, buff, offset) {
offset = ~~offset
const size = sizeOf(ip)
if (typeof buff === 'function') {
buff = buff(offset + size)
}
if (size === v4.size) {
return v4.encode(ip, buff, offset)
}
return v6.encode(ip, buff, offset)
},
decode (buff, offset, length) {
offset = ~~offset
length = length || (buff.length - offset)
if (length === v4.size) {
return v4.decode(buff, offset, length)
}
if (length === v6.size) {
return v6.decode(buff, offset, length)
}
throw Error(`Invalid buffer size needs to be ${v4.size} for v4 or ${v6.size} for v6.`)
}
})

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{
"name": "@leichtgewicht/ip-codec",
"version": "2.0.3",
"description": "Small package to encode or decode IP addresses from buffers to strings.",
"main": "index.js",
"types": "types",
"scripts": {
"lint": "standard && dtslint --localTs node_modules/typescript/lib types",
"test": "fresh-tape test.js",
"test-cov": "c8 npm run test"
},
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git+https://github.com/martinheidegger/ip-codec.git"
},
"keywords": [
"ip",
"ipv4",
"ipv6",
"codec",
"codecs",
"buffer",
"conversion"
],
"author": "Martin Heidegger",
"license": "MIT",
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/martinheidegger/ip-codec/issues"
},
"homepage": "https://github.com/martinheidegger/ip-codec#readme",
"devDependencies": {
"c8": "^7.7.3",
"dtslint": "^4.1.1",
"fresh-tape": "^5.2.4",
"standard": "^16.0.3",
"typescript": "^4.3.5"
}
}

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const test = require('fresh-tape')
const Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer
const { encode, decode, sizeOf, familyOf, v4, v6 } = require('.')
const crypto = require('crypto')
test('IPv4 addresses tests', t => {
t.ok(v4.isFormat('0.0.0.0'))
t.ok(v4.isFormat('1.1.1.1'))
t.ok(v4.isFormat('1.1.1.1'))
t.ok(v4.isFormat('11.11.11.11'))
t.ok(v4.isFormat('111.111.111.111'))
t.ok(v4.isFormat('255.255.255.255'))
t.notOk(v4.isFormat(''))
t.notOk(v4.isFormat('1'))
t.notOk(v4.isFormat('1.1.1'))
t.notOk(v4.isFormat(' 1.1.1.1 '))
t.notOk(v4.isFormat('1.1.1.1 '))
t.notOk(v4.isFormat(' 1.1.1.1'))
t.notOk(v4.isFormat('1000.1.1.1'))
t.notOk(v4.isFormat('1.1000.1.1'))
t.notOk(v4.isFormat('1.1.1000.1'))
t.notOk(v4.isFormat('1.1.1.1000'))
t.end()
})
test('IPv6 addresses tests', t => {
t.ok(v6.isFormat('0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0'), '8 octets')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff'), '8 full octets')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('::'), 'expanding ::')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('::1'), '0-9')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('::f'), 'a-f')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('::F'), 'upper characters need to match')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('::ff'), '2 chars')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('::fff'), '3 chars')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('::ffff'), '4 chars')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('::0:0:0:0:0:0:0'), 'expanding left')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('0:0:0:0:0:0:0::'), 'expanding right')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('0:0:0:0::0:0:0'), 'expanding middle')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('::ffff:127.0.0.1'), 'ipv4 in v6')
t.ok(v6.isFormat('::127.0.0.1')) // TODO: Likely non-standard?!
t.notOk(v6.isFormat(' 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0'), 'spaces')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 '), 'spaces')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('::g'), 'invalid v6')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('::g0'), 'invalid v6')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('::gg'), 'invalid v6')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('::g'), 'invalid v6')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('::ffff:127.0.0.1.1'), 'too many ipv4 numbers')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('::ffff:127.0.0'), 'incomplete ipv4')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('::ffff:127.0'), 'less complete ipv4')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('0:0:0:0:::0:0:0:0'), 'too much expansion')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0'), 'too many octets')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat('0:0:0:0:0:0:0:10000'), 'too many digits')
t.notOk(v6.isFormat(':0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0'), '8 octets + expanding left')
t.end()
})
test('should convert to buffer IPv4 address', t => {
const buf = encode('127.0.0.1')
t.equal(Buffer.from(buf).toString('hex'), '7f000001')
t.equal(decode(buf), '127.0.0.1')
t.end()
})
test('should convert to buffer IPv4 address in-place', t => {
const buf = Buffer.alloc(128)
const offset = 64
encode('127.0.0.1', buf, offset)
t.equal(buf.toString('hex', offset, offset + 4), '7f000001')
t.equal(decode(buf, offset, 4), '127.0.0.1')
// Non-standard encodings that are technically working
// Changing these would mean a breaking change...
t.equal(decode(encode('256.0.0.0')), '0.0.0.0')
t.equal(decode(encode('258.0.0.0')), '2.0.0.0')
t.equal(decode(encode('0.534.0.0')), '0.22.0.0')
t.equal(decode(encode('0.0.990.0')), '0.0.222.0')
t.equal(decode(encode('0.0.0.671')), '0.0.0.159')
// Zero prefixing is allowed, as the encoder supports it.
// However we need to be aware that
// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-7.4
// clearly specifies that this is not a valid URI format.
t.equal(decode(encode('01.0.0.0')), '1.0.0.0')
t.equal(decode(encode('0.01.0.0')), '0.1.0.0')
t.equal(decode(encode('0.0.01.0')), '0.0.1.0')
t.equal(decode(encode('0.0.0.01')), '0.0.0.1')
t.equal(decode(encode('001.0.0.0')), '1.0.0.0')
t.equal(decode(encode('0.001.0.0')), '0.1.0.0')
t.equal(decode(encode('0.0.001.0')), '0.0.1.0')
t.equal(decode(encode('0.0.0.001')), '0.0.0.1')
t.end()
})
test('should convert to buffer IPv6 address', t => {
const buf = encode('::1')
t.match(Buffer.from(buf).toString('hex'), /(00){15,15}01/)
t.equal(decode(buf), '::1')
testV6(t, '1::', '1::')
testV6(t, 'abcd::dcba', 'abcd::dcba')
testV6(t, 'ABCD::DCBA', 'abcd::dcba')
testV6(t, '::ffff:c0a8:100', '::ffff:c0a8:100')
testV6(t, '::ffff:ff00', '::ffff:ff00')
// Non-standard encodings that are technically working
// Changing these would mean a breaking change...
testV6(t, ':', '::', 'dangling colon')
testV6(t, ':::', '::', 'colon parade?!')
testV6(t, '::::::::::::::::::', '::', 'colon parade++')
testV6(t, ':12', '::12', 'dangling colon at start')
testV6(t, '12:', '12::', 'dangling colon at end')
testV6(t, '1', '1::', '1 octet')
testV6(t, '1:2', '1:2::', '2 octets')
testV6(t, '1:2:3', '1:2:3::', '3 octets')
testV6(t, '1:2:3:4', '1:2:3:4::', '4 octets')
testV6(t, '1:2:3:4:5', '1:2:3:4:5::', '5 octets')
testV6(t, '1:2:3:4:5:6', '1:2:3:4:5:6::', '6 octets')
testV6(t, '1:2:3:4:5:6:7', '1:2:3:4:5:6:7:0', '7 octets')
testV6(t, '1:2:3:4::5:6:7:8', '1:2:3:4:0:5:6:7', '8 octets + expanding')
testV6(t, '1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:', '1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8', '8 octets + expanding right')
testV6(t, '12345678', '5678::', 'no colon between numbers')
testV6(t, '::12345', '::2345', 'too many digits')
testV6(t, '0111:0:0:0:0:0:0', '111::', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0011:0:0:0:0:0:0', '11::', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '011:0:0:0:0:0:0', '11::', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '001:0:0:0:0:0:0', '1::', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '01:0:0:0:0:0:0', '1::', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0:01:0:0:0:0:0', '0:1::', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0:0:01:0:0:0:0', '::1:0:0:0:0:0', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0:0:0:01:0:0:0', '::1:0:0:0:0', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0:0:0:0:01:0:0', '::1:0:0:0', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0:0:0:0:0:01:0', '::1:0:0', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0:0:0:0:0:0:01', '::1:0', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0:0:0:0:0:0:001', '::1:0', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0:0:0:0:0:0:011', '::11:0', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0:0:0:0:0:0:0011', '::11:0', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '0:0:0:0:0:0:0111', '::111:0', '0 prefixing')
testV6(t, '::abcd::', '::abcd:0:0', ':: at end and start')
testV6(t, '::abcd::9876', '::abcd:0:9876', ':: at middle and start')
testV6(t, 'abcd::9876::', 'abcd:0:9876::', ':: at middle and end')
testV6(t, '::abcd::9876::', '::abcd:0:9876:0:0', ':: everywhere')
testV6(t, 'abcd::9876:123:', 'abcd:0:9876:123::', 'dangling colon + expansion')
testV6(t, '123:::789::::456::::::', '123::789:0:0:0:456')
testV6(t, 'abcd98764532', '4532::')
t.end()
})
test('should convert to buffer IPv6 address in-place', t => {
const buf = Buffer.alloc(128)
const offset = 64
encode('::1', buf, offset)
t.ok(/(00){15,15}01/.test(buf.toString('hex', offset, offset + 16)))
t.equal(decode(buf, offset, 16), '::1')
t.equal(decode(encode('1::', buf, offset),
offset, 16), '1::')
t.equal(decode(encode('abcd::dcba', buf, offset),
offset, 16), 'abcd::dcba')
t.end()
})
test('should convert to buffer IPv6 mapped IPv4 address', t => {
let buf = encode('::ffff:127.0.0.1')
t.equal(Buffer.from(buf).toString('hex'), '00000000000000000000ffff7f000001')
t.equal(decode(buf), '::ffff:7f00:1')
buf = encode('ffff::127.0.0.1')
t.equal(Buffer.from(buf).toString('hex'), 'ffff000000000000000000007f000001')
t.equal(decode(buf), 'ffff::7f00:1')
buf = encode('0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1')
t.equal(Buffer.from(buf).toString('hex'), '00000000000000000000ffff7f000001')
t.equal(decode(buf), '::ffff:7f00:1')
// Non-standard encodings that are technically working
// Changing these would mean a breaking change...
testV6(t, '127.0.0.1', '7f00:1::', 'ipv4 standalone')
testV6(t, '127.0.0.1::', '7f00:1::', 'endling ::')
testV6(t, '::127.0.0.1::', '::7f00:1:0:0', ':: start and end ::')
testV6(t, ':0:ff::127.0.0.1::', '::ff:0:7f00:1:0:0', 'dangling double colon')
testV6(t, ':0:ff::127.0.0.1:', '::ff:0:7f00:1:0', 'dangling colon')
testV6(t, '127.0.0.1:::::::::::::', '7f00:1::', 'colon parade')
testV6(t, '::ffff:999.0.0.1', '::ffff:e700:1', 'wrong ipv4')
testV6(t, '::ffff:1.999.0.1', '::ffff:1e7:1', 'wrong ipv4')
testV6(t, '::ffff:1.0.999.1', '::ffff:100:e701', 'wrong ipv4')
testV6(t, '::ffff:1.0.0.999', '::ffff:100:e7', 'wrong ipv4')
testV6(t, ':0:ff::999.1.1.1:', '::ff:0:e701:101:0', 'alt wrong ipv4')
testV6(t, ':0:ff::1.999.1.1:', '::ff:0:1e7:101:0', 'alt wrong ipv4')
testV6(t, ':0:ff::1.1.999.1:', '::ff:0:101:e701:0', 'alt wrong ipv4')
testV6(t, ':0:ff::1.1.1.999:', '::ff:0:101:1e7:0', 'alt wrong ipv4')
testV6(t, '127.0.0.1:0:0', '7f00:1::', 'ipv4 at the start')
// the regular encoder would identify the ip as ipv4 here, using ipv6 instead
t.equal(decode(v6.encode('127.0.0.1')), '7f00:1::', 'ipv4 as is shouldnt work')
t.end()
})
function testV6 (t, input, output, message) {
message = `${input}${output}${message ? `- ${message}` : ''}`
let result = v6.decode(v6.encode(input))
// First, lets do a general en- & decode
if (result === output) {
// Then, use a own input buffer to make sure that all bytes are written
result = v6.decode(v6.encode(input, crypto.randomBytes(v6.size), 0), 0)
if (result === output) {
// Then use a buffer that has random data before & after and write in the
// middle to make sure that the implementation doesn't exceed bounds.
// (Do this more than once to make sure randomness doesn't hide error
let buffSlice, safeSlice
for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
const buff = crypto.randomBytes(v6.size + 8)
const safe = Buffer.from(buff)
v6.decode(v6.encode(input, buff, 4), 4)
buffSlice = sliceBounds(buff)
safeSlice = sliceBounds(safe)
if (buffSlice !== safeSlice) {
break
}
}
t.equal(buffSlice, safeSlice, `${message} (verified)`)
} else {
t.equal(result, output, `${message} (0 offset byob)`)
}
} else {
t.equal(result, output, message)
}
}
function sliceBounds (buff) {
return Buffer.concat([buff.slice(0, 4), buff.slice(buff.length - 4)]).toString('hex')
}
test('error decoding a buffer of unexpected length', t => {
t.throws(() => decode(Buffer.alloc(0)))
t.end()
})
test('should use on-demand allocation', t => {
let buf = encode('127.0.0.1', Buffer.alloc)
t.equal(buf.toString('hex'), '7f000001')
buf = encode('127.0.0.1', size => Buffer.alloc(size + 2), 4)
t.equal(buf.toString('hex'), '000000007f0000010000')
t.end()
})
test('dedicated encoding v4/v6', t => {
t.deepEqual(encode('127.0.0.1'), v4.encode('127.0.0.1'))
t.deepEqual(encode('::'), v6.encode('::'))
t.end()
})
test('sizeOf/familyOf test', t => {
t.equal(sizeOf('127.0.0.1'), 4)
t.equal(familyOf('127.0.0.1'), 1)
t.equal(sizeOf('::'), 16)
t.equal(familyOf('::'), 2)
t.throws(() => sizeOf(''))
t.throws(() => familyOf(''))
t.throws(() => sizeOf('?'))
t.throws(() => familyOf('?'))
t.end()
})

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interface Encoder {
(ip: string): Uint8Array;
<TIn extends Uint8Array = Uint8Array> (ip: string, buff: TIn, offset?: number): TIn;
}
type Decoder = (ip: Uint8Array, offset?: number) => string;
interface Codec<TName extends string, TSize extends number> {
name: TName;
size: TSize;
encode: Encoder;
decode: Decoder;
isFormat(ip: string): boolean;
}
export function sizeOf(ip: string): 4 | 16;
export function familyOf(ip: string): 1 | 2;
export const v4: Codec<"ipv4", 4>;
export const v6: Codec<"ipv6", 16>;
export const name: "ip";
export const encode: {
(ip: string): Uint8Array;
<TIn extends Uint8Array = Uint8Array> (ip: string, buff: TIn | ((size: number) => TIn), offset?: number): TIn
};
export function decode(ip: Uint8Array, offset?: number, length?: number): string;
export {};